Weeds reduce crop yield by competing for light, water, nutrients and co2, interfere with harvesting and increase the cost of cultivation. Integrated weed management programs require longterm planning, knowledge of a weed s biology and ecology and appropriate weed control methods. Kh 101, field trials were conducted during the kharif season of 2014 and 2015 on a silty clay loam soil at. Pdf integrated weed management for maize crop in croatia. Growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were affected significantly with improved method of weed control. Information about integrated weed management in corn. Iwm does not solely rely upon herbicides for weed control. Those who want to control weeds must consider their definition. Weed infestation is one of the major constraints for low yield of maize.
Improving weed management and crop productivity in maize systems in zimbabwe. Effect of integrated weed management on growth, yield. An integrated weed management iwm model for maize crop nicolaie ionescu1, aurelian penescu1, sorin gabriel ionescu2 1agricultural research and development station pite ti, pite tislatina road no 5, 117030. Reduction in grain yield of maize due to weed infestation ranged from 40 to 60 per cent depending upon the intensity and types of weed flora. Integrated weed management an overview sciencedirect topics. Phd thesis, wageningen university, wageningen, the netherlands, 196 pp. Integrated weed management experiential learning modules for sustainable intensification and agricultural service provision book 2 timothy j. Economic viability of integrated weed management in maize.
Pdf evaluation of integrated weed management practices. In order to determine the best integrated management system in maize field experiments were conducted at tehran in iran which revealed that maize grain yield in double row dr planting pattern was higher than in single row sr planting pattern in all plots up to 1. Rahman ruakura soil and plant research station, ministry of agriculture and fisheries, hamilton. Hence, this document aimed to provide comprehensive integrated pest management practices to reduce crop losses caused by diseases and insect pests of maize. Integrated weed management iwm approach aims at minimizing the residue problem in plant, soil, air and water. A field experiment was conducted in kashmir during rainy kharif season of 2004 and 2005 to study the effect of integrated weed management of maize zea mays l. Integrated weed management for maize crop in croatia.
Ppt integrated weed management powerpoint presentation. Growers should use good cultural practices so the corn is competitive with any weeds and should integrate chemical control programs with cultivation, especially with difficulttocontrol weeds or when weather conditions reduce herbicide effectiveness. Department of agronomy institute of agriculture and animal science tribhuwan university nepal introduction maize zea mays l. There is a need to combine herbicide and nonherbicide methods into an integrated control program. Mar 10, 2014 effective weed control in corn zea mays l. There has been a longfelt need for a teaching manual on principles and practices of weed management. They compete with maize plants for space, nutrients, water, sunlight, and other minerals stored in the soil. Weed management mainly focuses on annual weeds than perennial weeds. A field experiment was conducted during the rainy kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012 at indore, madhya pradesh, to identify the suitable and effective integrated weed management practices for. Sep 11, 2016 best weed management practices to ensure best yield in maize. The use of preemergence herbicides, hoe weeding and live mulch of herbaceous cover plants in a maizecassava intercrop was investigated at the teaching. Moreover, an integrated weed management system must take all.
Exploring costeffective maize integrated weed management approaches under intensive farming. Integrated weed management applicable to intercropping systems are combinations of low rates of herbicides for preemergence weed control with cultural weeding after peak labour demand which usually occurs at the. Sir y books hindi m download nhi ki ja sakti h kya. The critical period of weed control in corn ranges from 1 to 8 weeks after the crop. A field experiment was conducted at almora during 199496 to find out most effective control measure for weeds in rainyseason maize zea mays l. Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for maize. Hybrid 98039 was more susceptible to drought and weed stress as indicated in the stover weight and grain yield. Flaming for weed control has been receiving attention of several corn producers in north central usa and europe, and it can be an important tool in an integrated weed management program. Effect of weed control methods on weed density and maize zea.
Maize can withstand weed competition for 34 weeks early in the growing season and weeds that emerge at 69 weeks after planting wap do not cause significant maize yield losses. Integrated weed management iwm is an approach to managing weeds using multiple control tactics. Integrated weed management 112 croplife international. A weed refers to any plant that grows where it is not required. The critical period of weed control in grain corn zea. The continuous application of isoproturon coupled with monocropping rotation of rice. Integrated weed management in maize zea mays request pdf. Weed management in seed corn production roundup ready plus. Jul 10, 2014 a wellplanned weed management program in corn should involve multiple strategies, including preventive techniques, such as monitoring, cultural control, mechanical or physical control, and chemical control tactics. Integrated weed management is the efficient and economical use of resources while minimizing hazard to the environment akobundu, 1987. The knowledge of spectrum of life cycle of weeds is of immense use towards recommending their control measures. Mamudu department of crop production, school of agriculture and agricultural technology, federal university of technology, p. Concern over environmental impact of atrazine and selection for glyphosate resistance has increased the need to develop alternative strategies that use herbicides other than atrazine and glyphosate and appropriate cultural practices to control weeds. Weeds compete with the maize for nutrients, water and space.
Principles and practices of weed management 2 are deliberately cultivated or are of ecological andor aesthetic interest. The importance of controlling weeds to prevent yield losses in maize is universally recognised by agricultural researchers. Arshadul hoque3, apurba roy1, virender kumar4, israil hossain3, khaled hossain1, sumona shahrin7, mahesh kumar gathala1, anil shrestha5 and sheikh md. Integrated chemical and manual weed management in maize production under conservation agriculture ca on a sandy soil in zimbabwe. The growth and yield attributes of maize were significantly affected by different weed management practices investigated in a field experiment conducted during 199899, in pusa, bihar, india. Corn belongs to the grass family poaceae and tribe maydeae. X 1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 6, u 1 where output y of maize was expressed as a function of hectares. Increased world population will demand more food production, which can only be achieved by increasing crop yields and applying a sustainable approach, i. One way to conceptualize integrated weed management is overlapping the four sciencesmeans of managing weeds.
Randomized complete block design, having three replications was used. Integrated weed management in maize unlagronomy university. Integrated weed management in maize under different. Although all do not agree on precisely what a weed is, most know they are not desirable. A weed is any plant growing in a wrong place, usually considered undesirable. Weed infestation is a major constraint in maize cultivation that can cause 33 to 72 per cent of yield loss. Pdf integrated chemical and manual weed management in. Weed management in seed corn production fields is challenging because inbred corn lines can be sensitive to various herbicides, which reduces the potential herbicide options for managing weeds. Instead this danish field serves as a shining example of integrated weed management iwm, a broad term covering many methods that can be combined and applied in various ways to form an iwm strategy.
An iwm involves the utilization of a combination of mechanical, chemical and cultural practices of weed management in a planned sequence, so designed as. Weeds compete with the crop of interest for growth factors including nutrients, moisture and space, and may completely suppress the crop if uncontrolled. Effect of different weed control methods on growth and yield. Mechanical or physical control may include tillage and mowing to disrupt certain hardtocontrol and perennial weeds. In the tropics, weeds cause more crop losses and farmers spend more of their time weeding crops than in any other part of the world.
However, chemical weed control should be better studied to assess the economics of weed control and, more importantly. Drought stress reduced the stover weight and grain yield of the maize cultivars by 6% and 34% respectively. Hoe and hand weed on the 15th and 30th day of sowing and remove the weeds. More often than not, however, successful weed control requires the combination or sequential use of several methods called integrated weed management. Pdf impact of integrated weed management on weeds and. Effect of weed management practices on weed growth and yield of maize 1542 yield were recorded, weed control efficiency, weed index and economics with respect to different treatments were calculated.
Appropriate planting patternsspacing and optimal plant density, improved timing, placement, and amount of nutrient application 3. Suitable choice of mechanical, biological, and chemical weed. In africa, one of the main causes of low maize yield has been discovered to be inefficient weed control. Assessment of weed control methods for maize production by. High weed encroachment of maize crops in cluj area has increased, due to weed seed stock in the arable layer and weather conditions, which allowed weeds to grow alternatively, and to the development of problem species during the maize vegetation period, when no tillage was performed. A field study was conducted at agricultural research farm, nwfp agricultural university peshawar during summer 2006 to evaluate integrated weed management in maize, variety azam.
Control of weeds in maize is, therefore, very essential for obtaining good harvest. Exploring costeffective maize integrated weed management. Study on integrated weed management in maize groundnut based cropping system is in its infancy. Weed control in pastures youtube video managing steep terrain for livestock forage production weed control weed management options for grass pastures following a dry summer. Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cultural and chemical management practices on weed infestation and corn yield. Growth, maize, yield attributes and yield, weed control efficiency. Results and discussion in general, the density and dry weight of weeds were significantly reduced with the. Although herbicides can provide effective weed management, corn growers should not depend on herbicides alone. Preventive techniques may start with planting weed free crop seeds or choosing an alternative field.
Integrated weed management department of primary industries. Weed control efficacy and economics of preemergence. Weed control and corn zea mays response to planting pattern. But unlike many maize fields in europe, this one has not been subject to the standard application of herbicides to clear the weeds. Jat 2 1department of millets, tamil nadu agricultural university, coimbatore 2indian institute of maize research, new delh i introduction. Production and productivity of maize subjected to modern and. Sponsored by alliance for green revolution africa agra.
Determination of the best integrated weed management. Different weed control methods have been used to manage the weeds but mechanical and chemical methods are more frequently used for. Integrated weed management iwm has been defined as a multidisciplinary ap proach to weed. Weed life cycle or ontogeny weed life cycle or ontogeny has made weeds annual, biennial and perennial, three mainbroad groups, which are further subdivided. Therefore, management of weeds in all agroecosystems is imperative to sustain our crop productivity and to ensure the food security to the burgeoning population. Integrated pest management has been implemented as a general practice by eu legislation. Kh 101, field trials were conducted during the kharif season of. Improving weed management and crop productivity in maize. Integrated weed management strategies for maize zea mays.
Studies on integrated weed management practices in maize. Chemical weed control increases maize yield due to effective weed control. They are more adapted to competition and, if not controlled, the maize yield will decline. Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for maize in the northern guinea savanna of nigeria. Suitable choice of mechanical, biological, and chemical weed control methods 5. Tank mixing atrazine with other preemergence herbicides significantly increased weed control at both planting patterns. Weed free plots had maize with higher agronomic traits than unweeded treatments. Pdf on jul 31, 2017, khawar jabran and others published integrated weed management in maize cultivation. Integrated weed management 1 integrated weed management 2 what is a weed. Weed control practices in maize resulted in 77 to 96. Effect of different weed control methods on growth and. Ganie and megh singh introduction maize zea mays l.
This handbook is divided into eight chapters, covering a range of different control methods. Olorunmaiye, patience mojibade 1 and olorunmaiye, kehinde. Integrated chemical and manual weed management in maize production under conservation agriculture ca on a sandy soil in zimbabwe a ab c eunice. Pdf concern about the effects of herbicides on the environment is the main stimulus to reduce their use in maize zea mays l. Integrated weed management iwm is a system for managing weeds over the long term, particularly the management and minimisation of herbicide resistance. Effect of different weed control methods on growth and yield of maize zea mays l. Single approachbased weed management system becomes inefficient against maize weeds. To assess the impact of tembotrione on weed growth, yield and economics of maize cv.
The gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing durations of weed control and weed. Given that there are additional costs associated with implementing iwm, the main issues for growers are whether it is costeffective to adopt. Uterature on earlier work pertaining to weeds and weed management practices in maize and groundnut were collected under some broad headings like weed spectrum in maize and groundnut, crop weed competition, methods of weed control. Parasitism plant obtains resources directly from another plant. Integration of these factors with herbicides with reduced environmental impact may further reduce atrazine and metolachlor. Weeds compete with corn for light, nutrients, and water, especially during the first 3 to 5 weeks following emergence of the crop. Integrated weed management in maize under different tillage. Integrated pest management practice for cotton trichogramma, telenomu by growing two rows of maize sorghum or cowpea along the border collection of spodoptera egg masses and putting them in perforated cage. Appropriate crop rotation, tillage practices, and cover crops 4. Onfarm investigations on integrated weed management in maize in. Journal of research in weed science is a turkish journal launched in 2018.
Integrated weed management strategies that involve narrow row widths, conservation tillage, and cover crops may be utilized to increase the competitiveness of z. Soil and crop management can affect the weed population in corn. This manual is a precise account of various theoretical aspects of weed management presented in a simple language suitable for agron 503 students. Integrated weed management systems in sorghum based cropping system in nigeria a. Additionally, seed corn does not produce a tight canopy, particularly after detasseling, allowing light to penetrate to the soil resulting in the. Annuals complete their lifecycle from seed to seed in less than one year or in. As weed control actually is the most important crop protection measure in maize for western europe, the new legislation will have its impact. Weed control methods handbook, the nature conservancy, tu et al.
Removal of tall fescue from kentucky bluegrass pastures. Integrated weed management systems in sorghum based. Integrated weed management iwm is being practiced by indian farmers, with the level of adoption varying from one farm to the other. Table 1 pdf online shows additional information about temperatures and. Herbicide reduction, maize yield, mechanical weed control. Weed management in grass pastures, hayfields, and other farmstead sites. Integrated weed management is defined in a range of ways, but, at its core, is the idea that many different weed management tools be used, in an integrated way, to manage weeds. The purpose of iwm is to include many methods in a growing season to allow producers the best chance to control troublesome weeds. Pdf integrated weed management in maize cultivation. Allow the weeds to dry for 2 3 days in the case of irrigated and then give irrigation. Experimental, theoretical and applied original research studies in all field of weed science are. Integrated weed management iwm is a strategy for weed control that considers the use of all available weed control techniques, including preventative measures, monitoring, crop rotations, tillage, crop competition, herbicide rotation, herbicide mixtures, biological controls, nutrition, irrigation, burning, etc. Effect of weeding management on the performance of local maize. Integrated weed management is the coordinated use of a variety of control methods, reducing reliance on herbicides alone, and increasing the chances of successful control or eradication.
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